Describe Characteristics of sound.
Characteristics of sound: There are three characteristics of sound.
i) Loudness of Sound ii) Pitch of Sound iii) Quality of sound or timbre
i) Loudness of Sound
The characteristics of sound by which we can distinguish between Loud and Faint sound (Quiet sound) is called Loudness. The loudness of sound depends on the amplitude or intensity of sound.
Intensity of Sound: The intensity of sound is defined as the amount of energy transmitted per unit time through unit area held perpendicular to the direction of propagation of sound wave. It is denoted by I.
ii) Pitch of Sound
The characteristics of sound by which a shrill sound can be distinguished from a grave sound is called pitch of sound. It depends upon the frequency of sound. Higher the frequency, higher the pitch; lower the frequency, lower the pitch of sound. For example, the pitch of sound produced by rats, bats, and cats is higher than that of frogs, dogs, or beating drums.
iii) Quality of sound or Timbre
The quality of sound is that characteristic of sound which enables the ear to recognize a sound and assigns its source.
The note played on a piano is different from the note played on a violin, though both have the same frequency and loudness. This is because the quality of the two notes is different. A waveform which is a combination of the fundamental frequency and second harmonic, and a waveform which is a combination of the fundamental frequency and third harmonic, will produce sound of different qualities though their pitch and loudness may be the same.
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