1. Matching Actions with Branches of Physics
Below is the correct classification of everyday physical actions and their corresponding branches of physics.
| Column A: Action | Column B: Branch of Physics |
|---|---|
| Cooking / Bar B.Q. | Thermodynamics |
| Turning the bulb on | Electricity |
| Riding a bicycle | Mechanics |
| Looking for Giant Galaxies | Astrophysics |
| Producing a loud sound | Sound / Acoustics |
| Describing an atom | Atomic Physics |
| Obtaining physical energy from the Earth | Geophysics |
2. Physical Quantities and S.I. Units
| Physical Quantity | S.I. Unit | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Electric Current | Ampere (A) | Base |
| Volume | m3 | Derived |
| Time | Second (s) | Base |
| Temperature | Kelvin (K) | Base |
| Force | Newton (N) | Derived |
| Density | kg/m3 | Derived |
| Acceleration | m/s2 | Derived |
3. Conversion of Units
Convert the following physical values into their corresponding formats:
4. Measurement and Instruments
a) What is the measurement of the width of the aluminum sheet shown on the Vernier caliper?
1. Main Scale Reading (MSR): 3.9 cm
2. Vernier Scale Reading (VSR): 1 × L.C = 1 × 0.01 cm = 0.01 cm
Total Width Measurement = MSR + VSR = 3.9 cm + 0.01 cm = 3.91 cm
b) Which gives more precise measurement: Vernier caliper, Screw Gauge or meter rule?
The Screw Gauge provides the most precise measurements because it possesses the smallest Least Count (typically 0.01 mm or 0.001 cm), which is much smaller than that of a Vernier caliper (0.1 mm) or a meter rule (1 mm).
5. Measuring Pendulum Oscillations
i) What would be the most accurate way of measuring the time for one oscillation of a swinging pendulum?
Reason: Recording time for multiple oscillations and dividing reduces the human reaction error associated with pressing the start/stop buttons.
ii) Suggest an instrument for measuring the time period more accurately.
A Digital Stopwatch (or smart photogate system). A digital stopwatch is highly accurate and can measure time intervals up to 0.01 seconds, minimizing mechanical and parallax errors.
6. Prefix and Metric Notation
Rewrite the following quantities using appropriate metric prefixes:
7. Standard and Scientific Notation
Convert the values into scientific or standard notation forms:
a) Radius of 1st orbit of Hydrogen atom (r = 0.53 Å):
Scientific notation = 5.3 × 10-1 Å (or 5.3 × 10-11 m)
b) 1 Light Year distance parameter (2,628,000,000,000 m):
Scientific notation = 2.628 × 1012 m
c) Vacuum pressure of 2.7 × 10-4 torr:
Standard notation = 0.00027 torr
8. Calculating Volumes of Geometric Shapes
Given parameters: Length (l) = Radius (r) = Height (h) = 2 m.
a) Sphere:9. Mass, Volume and Density Relation
Find the density of wood in spherical form (V = 33.51 m3) and cube form (V = 8.00 m3) if the mass is 1 kg. Is there any change in density due to shape?
1. Density as a Sphere (ρsphere):No, density does not change due to shape alone. Density is an intrinsic physical property of a material (Wood). However, because these wood samples have different volumes for the same 1 kg mass, their densities differ because they represent different structures or states of compression, not purely because of their shapes.
10. Immersing Stone in a Measuring Cylinder
A measuring cylinder is filled with 500 cc of water. A stone of mass 20 g is immersed such that the water level rises up to 800 cc. Which statement is correct?
Reason: The displacement method dictates that the volume of water displaced equals the physical volume of the submerged object:
Volume = 800 cc - 500 cc = 300 cc (or cm3).
11. Determining Significant Figures
Determine the number of significant figures in the following measurements:
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